1. Classification of Living and Non-Living Things

1.1. Criteria for Classification

- Students learn to classify objects based on whether they are living or non-living, and if living,

whether they are plants, animals, or something else.

1.2. Differences in Classification Systems

- Students explore the differences between conventional scientific and indigenous ways of classifying living and non-living things.

2. Names and Structural Features of Local Plants and Animals

2.1. Names

- Students learn the common, indigenous, and scientific names of local plants and animals.

2.2. Structural Features

- Students study the structural features of living things in the local environment, such as stems, roots, leaves, skeletons, exoskeletons, legs, and eyes.

3. Behavioral Adaptations of Animals in the Local Environment

- Students explore various behavioral adaptations, including dormancy, hibernation, nesting,

migration, catching food, camouflage, mimicry, and territorialism.

4. Properties of Materials and Their Uses

4.1. Specific Properties

- Students learn about the specific properties of solids, liquids, and gases, as well as the properties of local materials that determine their use by First Peoples.

4.2. Using Materials

- Students study how the properties of materials allow us to use them in different ways.

5. Natural and Artificial Sources of Light and Sound

5.1. Sources of Light and Sound

- Students identify natural and artificial sources of light and sound.

5.2. Properties of Light and Sound

- Students learn about the properties of light, such as brightness and color, and the properties of

sound, such as pitch, tone, and volume.

6. Common Objects in the Sky

- Students study common objects in the sky, such as the moon and stars, and learn about the

importance of the sun and the moon in different cultures.

7. First Peoples' Knowledge of the Local Landscape, Plants, and Animals

7.1. Shared Knowledge

- Students explore the shared knowledge of First Peoples related to the sky, local landscape, plants,

and animals.

7.2. Seasonal Rounds

- Students learn about the concept of seasonal rounds, the pattern of movement from one resource-gathering area to another in a cycle that is followed each year.

8. Local Weather Patterns and Seasons

- Students study the relationship between local weather and the four seasons in terms of

temperature, cloud cover, precipitation, and wind, as well as the patterns that occur on Earth and in

the sky.

1. Metamorphic and Non-Metamorphic Life Cycles

1.1. Metamorphic Life Cycles

- Students learn about metamorphic life cycles, where an organism undergoes significant changes in body structure, such as caterpillars transforming into butterflies or tadpoles developing into frogs.

1.2. Non-Metamorphic Life Cycles

- Students study non-metamorphic life cycles, where an organism keeps the same body structure

throughout its life, but changes in size, such as humans.

2. Similarities and Differences between Offspring and Parent

- Students explore the similarities and differences between offspring and their parents in various

species, and how these organisms change as they grow.

3. First Peoples' Use of Knowledge of Life Cycles

- Students learn about how First Peoples use their knowledge of life cycles to practice stewardship,

engage in sustainable gathering, and manage fish hatchery programs.

4. Physical and Chemical Ways of Changing Materials

4.1. Physical Changes

Students study various physical ways of changing materials, such as warming, cooling, cutting,

bending, stirring, and mixing.

4.2. Chemical Changes

Students explore chemical ways of changing materials, including cooking and burning.

5. Types of Forces

5.1. Contact and At-a-Distance Forces

Students learn about different types of contact and at-a-distance forces, such as magnets and static electricity.

5.2. Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

Students study the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of objects, including the impact of air resistance and the movement of objects in different materials.

6. Water Sources and Conservation

6.1. Water Sources

Students explore various water sources, including oceans, lakes, rivers, wells, springs, and local

watersheds.

6.2. Water Conservation

Students learn about the importance of conserving fresh water and how it is a limited resource.

7. The Water Cycle

- Students study the water cycle, driven by the sun, which includes evaporation, condensation,

precipitation, and runoff. They learn how the water cycle plays a role in weather.

8. First People’s Knowledge of Water

- Students explore the local First Peoples' knowledge of water, water cycles, conservation,

connections to other systems, and the cultural significance of water.

1. Biodiversity

- Students learn about biodiversity, which refers to the variety of different types of living things in an

ecosystem.

2. Characteristics of Local Plants, Animals, and Fungi

- Students study the characteristics of local plants, animals, and fungi in their environment.

3. Knowledge of Local First Peoples

- Students explore the interconnection between living and non-living things in the local environment, the concept of stewardship, and the knowledge shared by local First Peoples communities and Elders.

4. Populations and Communities

4.1. Population

- Students learn about populations, which are all the members of the same type of living thing

(species) in an area.

4.2. Communities

- Students explore communities, which are different populations living together in an area.

5. Energy in Ecosystems

- Students learn that energy is needed for life and study the roles of producers (plants), consumers

(animals), and decomposers (bacteria and fungi) in energy pyramids.

They explore food chains, which show the flow of food energy from one organism to another, and

food webs, which represent interconnecting food chains.

6. Matter and Atoms

- Students learn that matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, and that atoms are the

building blocks of matter.

7. Sources and Transfer of Thermal Energy

7.1. Sources of Thermal Energy

- Students study various sources of thermal energy, such as chemical reactions, friction between

moving objects, and the sun.

7.2. Transfer of Thermal Energy

- Students explore the transfer of thermal energy through conduction, convection, and radiation.

8. Local Landforms and First Peoples Knowledge

8.1. Major Local Landforms

- Students learn about major local landforms, such as mountains, hills, plateaus, valleys, riverbeds,

deltas, and glaciers, as well as oral narratives about these landforms.

8.2. Local First Peoples Knowledge of Local Landforms

- Students explore the knowledge of local First Peoples regarding local landforms.

9. Observable Changes in the Local Environment

- Students study observable changes in the local environment caused by erosion and deposition by

wind, water, and ice.

1. Sensing and Responding in Living Organisms

1.1. Humans

- Students learn about the five human senses.

1.2. Other Animals

- Students explore various sensing mechanisms in animals, such as echolocation, UV sensors,

magnetoreception, infrared sensing, and more.

1.3. Plants

- Students study how plants respond to stimuli like light, touch, water, and gravity.

2. Biomes

2.1. Terrestrial Biomes

-Students learn about terrestrial biomes, which are large regions with similar environmental features, such as climate, determined by temperature and precipitation.

2.2. Aquatic/Marine Biomes

- Students explore aquatic and marine biomes, which are also characterized by similar environmental

features.

3. Phases of Matter and Particle Movement

- Students study the effects of temperature on particle movement and the changes between solids,

liquids, and gases due to heating and cooling.

4. Energy

4.1. Forms of Energy

- Students learn about various forms of energy, including kinetic, light, sound, thermal, elastic,

nuclear, chemical, magnetic, gravitational, and electrical.

4.2. Conservation of Energy

- Students explore the law of conservation of energy, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed.

4.3. Devices that Transform Energy

- Students study devices that transform energy from one form to another, such as glow sticks, wind-up toys, and flashlights.

5. Local Changes Caused by Earth’s Axis, Rotation, and Orbit

- Students learn how Earth's axis, rotation, and orbit cause local changes, such as day and night, as well as annual seasons, which affect plants and animals.

6. Effects of the Relative Positions of the Sun, Moon, and Earth

- Students explore the effects of the relative positions of the sun, moon, and Earth, such as phases of

the moon, tides, lunar and solar eclipses, and how tides affect living organisms.

7. Local First Peoples Perspectives

- Students learn about teachings and stories from local First Peoples about the sun and the moon, as

well as other aspects of the natural world.

1. Basic Structures and Functions of Body Systems

1.1. Digestive System

- Students learn about the digestive system, including the mouth, stomach, and intestines.

1.2. Musculo-Skeletal System

- Students explore the muscles and skeleton and their functions.

1.3. Respiratory System

- Students study the trachea, lungs, and diaphragm and their roles in respiration.

1.4. Circulatory System

- Students learn about the heart, blood, and blood vessels and their functions in circulation.

2. Solutions and Solubility

- 2.1. Properties of Solutions

Students learn about the concentration, pH, and other properties of solutions.

2.2. Dissolving

- Students explore the process of forming a solution through dissolving.

- 2.3. Separation Techniques

Students study distillation, evaporation, and crystallization as methods to separate solutions.

3. Simple Machines and Force Effects

3.1. Properties of Simple Machines

- Students learn about levers, wedges, inclined planes, wheels and axles, pulleys, and screws.

3.2. Force Effects

- Students explore how simple machines can change direction and multiply force.

3.3. Constructed and Natural Machines

- Students study constructed complex machines and the presence of simple machines in nature, such as the musculo-skeletal system.

4. Power

- Students learn about power as the rate at which energy is transferred through examples like racing

up a hill, machine power ratings, and motors.

5. The Rock Cycle and Earth Materials

- Students study the rock cycle and learn about local types of earth materials, including minerals,

rocks, clay, boulders, gravel, sand, and soil.

6. First Peoples Concepts of Interconnectedness

- Students learn about the concept of interconnectedness in the environment, understanding that everything is connected and that humans have a responsibility to care for the environment.

7. Sustainable Practices in BC’s Resources

- Students explore First Peoples knowledge of sustainable practices and the nature of these practices in British Columbia.

1. Basic Structures and Functions of Body Systems

1.1 Excretory System

- Students learn about the organs and functions of the excretory system, including the kidneys,

ureters, and bladder.

1.2 Reproductive System

- Students explore the structures and functions of the reproductive system, including ovaries, testes,

and related processes.

1.3 Hormonal System

- Students investigate the role of chemical messengers, such as insulin and adrenaline, in the

regulation of body functions.

1.4 Nervous System

- Students examine the nervous system, focusing on the brain, spinal cord, and receptors, and learn

how the brain interprets signals and can sometimes make mistakes.

2. First Peoples' Understandings of Body Systems in Humans and Animals

- Students delve into the traditional knowledge of First Peoples regarding human and animal body

systems, their functions, and their interconnectedness with the natural world.

3. Heterogeneous Mixtures

3.1. Suspensions, Emulsions, and Colloids

- Students explore the different types of heterogeneous mixtures, including suspensions (e.g., salad dressing), emulsions (e.g., milk), and colloids (e.g., aerosols).

4. Separation and Extraction Methods

4.1. Density and Particle Size

- Students learn how mixtures can be separated using differences in component properties such as

density and particle size, through methods like centrifugation, settling, sieves, and filters.

4.2. First Peoples' Knowledge and Practices

- Students examine the historical and current use of separation and extraction methods by First

Peoples, including the extraction of eulachon oil, medicines from plants, and pigments.

5. Newton's Laws of Motion and Forces

5.1. Newton's Three Laws of Motion

- Students study the principles of motion, including objects in constant motion, unbalanced forces causing acceleration, and equal and opposite reaction forces.

5.2. Effects of Balanced and Unbalanced Forces 

- Students learn about the differences between balanced forces (e.g., sitting in a chair) and

unbalanced forces (e.g., rockets) and their effects on daily physical activities and sports.

6. Gravity and the Universe

6.1. Force of Gravity

- Students explore the concept of gravity, its effects on Earth, and examples like falling objects and the egg drop experiment.

6.2. Scale, Structure, and Age of the Universe

- Students learn about the overall scale, structure, and age of the universe, as well as the position,

motion, and components of our solar system.

6.3. First Peoples' Perspectives on Celestial Phenomena

- Students examine First Peoples' perspectives regarding the aurora borealis and other celestial

phenomena.

7. Extreme Environments and Exploration Technologies

- Students learn about extreme environments and the contributions of Canadians to exploration

technologies, such as the Canadarm, Newt Suit, VENUS, and NEPTUNE programs.

1. Evolution and Natural Selection

1.1 Change in Traits Over Time

- Students learn about how organisms have evolved and how their traits have changed over time.

1.2 Survival Needs

- Students explore the essential needs for all organisms to survive, such as space, food, water, and access to resources.

1.3 Natural Selection

- Students examine the process of natural selection, which leads to a reproductive advantage for organisms with traits that have greater fitness for their environment.

2. Elements, Compounds, and Pure Substances

2.1. Elements and Compounds

- Students learn about elements as pure substances consisting of a single type of atom and

compounds as pure substances consisting of two or more different atoms held together by chemical

bonds.

2.2. Crystalline Structure of Solids

- Students explore how unique arrangements of particles form crystalline structures in solids, such as rock candy, quartz, and snowflakes.

2.3. Chemical Changes

- Students investigate chemical changes, during which atoms rearrange into new products

accompanied by an energy change.

3. Electricity and Electromagnetism

3.1. Generation and Environmental Impacts

- Students learn about different ways of generating electricity, including wind, water, coal,

geothermal, and solar energy, and their respective environmental impacts.

3.2. Electromagnetism

- Students explore the electromagnetic force responsible for both electricity and magnetism, and the relationship between changing magnetic fields, electric currents, and the generation of

electromagnets.

4. Fossil Record and Geological Time

4.1. Biodiversity and the Fossil Record

- Students examine how the fossil record provides evidence for changes in biodiversity over geological time.

4.2. Geologic Time Scale

- Students learn about the geologic time scale, which categorizes Earth's geologic history.

4.3. Dating Rocks and Fossils

- Students explore methods for determining the ages of rocks and fossils, both relative and absolute.

4.4. First Peoples' Knowledge of Biodiversity Changes

- Students study the traditional knowledge of First Peoples regarding changes in biodiversity over

time.

5. Climate Change and Human Impact

5.1. Evidence of Climate Change

- Students investigate the evidence of climate change, including physical records and local First

Peoples' knowledge.

5.2. Interconnectedness of Plants, Animals, and the Environment

- Students learn about how climate change affects the interconnectedness of plants, animals, and

their local environment, such as changes in harvesting dates and ripening schedules.

5.3. Human Impact on Earth's Systems

- Students explore the recent impacts of human activities on Earth's landscape, climate, and systems, and the efficacy of sustainable practices.

1. Characteristics of Life

- Students learn about the characteristics of living things, such as respiration, growth, nutrient intake, waste production, response to stimuli, and reproduction. They also discuss whether viruses should be classified as living organisms.

2. Cell Theory and Types of Cells

2.1. Cell Theory

- Students study the cell theory, which states that living things are made of one or more cells, all cells come from pre-existing cells, and the cell is the basic unit of life.

2.2. Types of Cells

- Students learn about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as plant and animal cells.

3. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

- Students explore the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, which are essential for

life.

4. Microorganisms and their Relationship with Living Things

- Students study the role of microorganisms in nutrient recycling and ecosystems, as well as their uses in industry and agriculture, and their potential to cause diseases.

5. Immune System and Vaccination

- Students learn about the basic functions of the immune system and how vaccination can prevent

the spread of infectious diseases.

6. Antibiotics and Epidemics

- Students discuss the effectiveness of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, and the impacts of regional

and global disease outbreaks on human populations.

7. Kinetic Molecular Theory and Atomic Theory

- Students study the Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) and the Atomic Theory, which provide evidence

for the existence of atoms, molecules, and particles.

8. Electromagnetic Radiation

- Students learn about the types and effects of electromagnetic radiation, including the

electromagnetic spectrum, and the properties and behaviors of light.

9. Plate Tectonic Movement and Earth's Structure

9.1. Plate Tectonic Movement

- Students explore the types of plate movements, plate boundaries, and the relationship between

earthquakes and volcanoes.

9.2. Major Geological Events of Local Significance

- Students learn about major geological events that have shaped their local area.

9.3. First Peoples Knowledge

- Students study First Peoples knowledge of local geological formations and significant local geological events.

9.4. Layers of Earth

- Students learn about the different layers of Earth and their composition.

1. Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

1.1. Asexual Reproduction

- Students learn about mitosis, the process through which cells make identical copies of themselves,

and various forms of asexual reproduction, such as fission, budding, cloning, spores, and grafting.

1.2. Sexual Reproduction

- Students study meiosis, the process through which sex cells (eggs and sperm) are formed, and the resulting genetic diversity in human offspring due to having two parents.

2. Elements and Compounds

2.1. Periodic Table

- Students explore the periodic table, which groups elements according to their atomic number and properties, such as atomic size, metal/non-metal/semi-metal classifications, and chemical families.

2.2. Electron Arrangement and Compounds

- Students learn how the arrangement of electrons determines the compounds formed by elements,

including ionic and covalent bonds, and their respective names and formulas.

3. Circuits and Electricity

3.1. Basic Circuit Components

- Students study the basic components of circuits, including power sources, loads/resistors,

conductors, and switches, as well as types of circuits such as series, parallel, and short circuits.

3.2. Current Flow and Circuit Completion

- Students learn about alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC), and the requirement of a

complete circuit for electron flow.

3.3. Voltage, Current, and Resistance

- Students explore the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance, including Ohm's Law (V=IR), and the relative dangers of current and voltage.

4. Solar Radiation and Matter Cycling

4.1. Effects of Solar Radiation

- Students investigate the effects of solar radiation on the cycling of matter and energy, including its

role in supporting life on Earth, wind and ocean currents, and the water cycle.

4.2. Matter Cycles and Human Impacts

- Students study various matter cycles, such as water, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorous, and the human impacts on these cycles, including climate change, deforestation, and agriculture.

5. Bioaccumulation, Biomagnification, and Sustainability

5.1. Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification

- Students learn about bioaccumulation and biomagnification within biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems.

5.2. Systems Approach to Sustainability

- Students explore a systems approach to sustainability, which views all matter and energy as interconnected and existing in dynamic equilibrium.

 5.3. First Peoples' Knowledge of

Interconnectedness and Sustainability

- Students study First Peoples' perspectives on interconnectedness and sustainability, emphasizing the understanding that everything is connected from local to global scales.